The role of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability in reducing pandemic risks, accounting for human, wildlife, livestock, plant and ecosystem health. Key issues to be discussed include:

• Relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem change and risks of disease emergence, including consideration of climate change and other key drivers of emergence (and including diseases of humans, domesticated animals, crops and wildlife)
• Priority research and action areas for pandemic prevention that are grounded in human rights, equity and prevention‑oriented approaches
• Food-borne diseases, zoonotic risks in food systems, and antimicrobial resistance across the food chain
• Practical experience from One Health approaches at national and local levels, integrating human rights, biodiversity protection and public health outcomes
• Synergies at global, regional and national level – Global Pandemic Agreement, UNFCCC, UN CBD, CMS, Ramsar etc
• Integrated and intersectional solutions for addressing pandemic risk through the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, including community-led initiatives
• Pandemic risk, protected areas, and right-based approaches
• The use of integrated surveillance and data-sharing systems for early detection; ecological countermeasures etc.
• Community perspectives: linking biodiversity, livelihoods, poverty and disease risk with attention to equity, participation and the rights of those most affected

Exploring the importance of biodiversity for food and nutritional resources, including social well-being and cultural dimensions of food production, preparation, and trade. Some key issues to be addressed include:

• The importance of agricultural biodiversity and wild biodiversity in realising the rights to adequate food, nutrition and health through diverse, resilient diets
• Agroecology, agroforestry, regenerative agriculture, and integrated crop–livestock systems for resilient, nutrition-sensitive food systems
• The value of agrobiodiversity in school gardens, and education on agrobiodiversity for children’s diets; rrealizing children’s rights to food, health, education and development, while shaping healthy and sustainable diets.
• Conservation of genetic resources for food and agriculture, local seeds and native food crops, crop wild relatives, and the role of underutilised species, as the foundation for the right to food, climate resilience and intergenerational equity
• Addressing perverse incentives and agribusiness practices which impact biodiversity and ecosystem health,, culturally appropriate diets, food diversity, and food sovereignty
• Opportunities for human rights-based coherence between policies on biodiversity, food, climate and health, and synergies between multilateral agreements
• Linking soil health, food diversity and dietary health
• Water resource security for agroecosystems
• Foodborne diseases, zoonotic risks in food systems, and antimicrobial resistance across the food chain
• Recognising and promoting the right to adequate food, nutrition and health through diverse, resilient diets
• The role of local and indigenous food systems and wider biocultural aspects of food production, preparation, and trade
• Upholding the rights to culture, food, health and self‑determination within biocultural systems, and addressing threats to culturally appropriate diets, local and traditional food systems, and food sovereignty

The role of biodiversity and ecosystem services in building resilience: reducing disaster risk, supporting disaster relief, and assisting in disaster recovery efforts.

• Nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based approaches and ecosystem services in disaster risk reduction
• Health benefits of nature-based climate risk mitigation and adaptation  - supporting the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment
• Ecosystem approaches in multi-hazard early warning systems, risk assessment, and cross-sector coordination for prevention and preparedness
• Conflict, biodiversity and health including impacts on vulnerability, access to resources and the protection of civilians
• Addressing the health impacts of ecosystem disruption associated with conflict, and the role of biodiversity conservation in post-conflict recovery and peace-building
• Differentiated impacts of ecosystem disruption from armed conflict and colonial legacies on indigenous peoples 
• Delivering relief, recovery and reconstruction efforts through the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, supporting equitable and sustainable post‑disaster outcomes
• Addressing inequalities in relative risk across communities and social groups, and the use of rights-based approaches to reduce disproportionate impacts and strengthen resilience.
• Social and health implications of biocultural dislocation for refugees and displaced people

Exploring the importance of ocean ecosystems for health and well-being, including relevance to communicable and non-communicable diseases and disaster risk reduction. Some key issues to be addressed include:

• Key relationships between coastal and marine ecosystems and health, highlighting their significance for wellbeing, livelihoods and the right to a clean,  healthy and sustainable environment.
• The role of oceans and coastal ecosystems in mediating climate-related health risks
• Ocean resource exploration and exploitation – opportunities and risks for health with attention to harm, equity and accountability
• Marine and coastal food resources, food systems and food safety, and risks from contaminants, harmful algal blooms, and foodborne diseases
• Policy synergies and opportunities to enhance coherence – including via CBD, UNFCCC, UNCLOS and the High Seas Treaty, OSPAR etc  - to advance rights-based and integrated action on oceans, climate and health
• Coastal community perspectives, particularly from small island developing states, highlighting lived experiences linking marine biodiversity, right to health, and right to food
• Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) and artisanal livelihoods, especially those led by women
• Human, wildlife and ecosystem health implications of ocean plastics, wastewater, chemicals and other forms of pollution, and related health aspects of global contaminant transport
• Cultural and social well-being dimensions of ocean ecosystems

Understanding the gender dimension in biodiversity-health interlinkages, from differentiated dependencies and risks to unique perspectives and contributions to governance. Some of the key issues to be addressed include:

• The differential impacts of biodiversity loss on the health of women and youth, including consideration of biocultural aspects and the additive impacts of climate change
• The contributions of women and youth across all communities to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, as key rights holders, knowledge holders, and agents of change
• Advancing women’s economic empowerment and biodiversity goals through sustainable resource use and equitable benefit sharing
• Empowering women and youth in leadership roles for planetary health science, policy, and action plans
• Supporting intergenerational knowledge transfer on biodiversity and health
• Gender and youth-responsive policy development and implementation - enhancing equitable, effective and inclusive biodiversity and health outcomes
• Gender and youth health priorities as drivers of policy coherence, synergy and transformative change
• Dimensions of  justice for women and youth addressing recognition, participation, distributional and contextual dimensions, and ensuring their effective engagement in policy implementation and decision‑making processes.
• Distributed health impacts of pollution on women and youth

Understanding the urban dimensions of health-biodiversity linkages, including epidemiological issues, the urban sustainability paradox and ecosystem justice, and community engagement. Key issues to be addressed will include:

• Environmental drivers shaping community health outcomes, including through biodiversity loss, pollution, unequal access to green and blue urban environments, climate change, invasive alien species etc.
• Epidemiology of mental well-being and physical fitness in urban environments, including socio-cultural aspects of access to nature
• Cardiovascular disease, allergy, respiratory disease,
• Long term, nature-based solutions for biodiversity, climate change and health for growing urban populations, in the same line -- highlighting the role of biodiversity and social determinants of health
• Identifying and addressing the specific risks and needs for the health of women and girls in urban areas
• Linking health and biodiversity in impact and risk assessment for urban planning, and linking with climate action
• Accessibility of green and blue urban environments and implications for health equity
• Implications of migration to and from cities and other demographic changes in urban communities for the design and quality of green and blue urban environments
• Biocultural competence in urban health care
• Urban food systems and food sovereignty, including women-led community initiatives and urban school gardens